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| Badger: |
Gives a stiff brush more suited to blending already laid down paint and for the dusting of pastel work. |
| Bristle: |
The most used material for brushes. Ideally from the back of a pig and white in colour. |
| Camel: |
Not strictly from the camel, but a generic term for a wide range of bristles. Thus each brush must be assessed on its individual merits. |
| Goat: |
Used to produce large brushes if a stiff performance is required. |
| Hog Fitch: |
A poor cousin to pig bristle. Nowadays from the marmoset or polecat. Quite suitable as an all-rounder. |
| Ox: |
Used for square ended brushes as the fibres do not lend themselves to the production of fine points. Liked by vehicle sign writers as the brush holds a large quantity of paint which allows smooth sweeping lines to be produced. |
| Pony: |
Not a particularly good raw material, for brushes have a rough feel in use and therefore suited for products at the lower end of the market. |
| Sable: |
The 'Rolls Royce' of brushes with hair obtained from the sable marten of the mink species, tail hairs being preferred. Strength combined with a soft feel and the ability to hold fine points make this the optimum brush. Rarity of the raw material means that the best that many artists can afford are sable blends. |
| Squirrel: |
This is sometimes termed an alternative, for cost reasons, to sable. While this might be true for the larger sizes it is not true for the smaller points. |
| Manmade: |
Generally made from nylon filaments steady development has made these brushes a practical alternative to the natural fibres. They are particularly suited to use with acrylic paints where the powerful cleaning solvents have a detrimental effect on natural hair. |
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| Brights: |
A small version of the flat. |
| Fans: |
The bristles fan out from the ferrule with the face cut to a semi-circular shape. |
| Flats: |
Just as the name suggests, a flat cross section with the bristles cut at right angles to their shaft. |
| Filberts: |
Similar to flats but with the working face cut in an arc. |
| Mops: |
Round in cross section but with a domed rather than tapered tip. |
| Rounds: |
As the name suggests, round in cross section and the commonest shape, ending at a tapered tip. |
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| Pallet Knives: |
The ideal will have a shape like a miniature bricklayers trowel. It will be cranked where the blade meets the handle so that the blade can be flat on the work while the artists fingers are kept off the paint. An ideal knife will be forged such that the blade becomes thinner nearer to the tip, thus becoming increasingly flexible. Steel or stainless steel or even plastic are used to produce palette knives. They are used to apply thick layers of paint in impasto work or alternatively scrape away paint to reveal underlying layers. |
| Silk Screen: |
A fine nylon mesh is stretched across a supporting frame and, often via a photographic process; the holes in the mesh are either filled in or left open. A viscous ink is flooded onto the mesh and the ink is forced through the open holes in the mesh by a squeegee, similar to a windscreen wiper blade, onto the article being decorated which is underneath. The ink joins up on the article to form a coherent coating, which corresponds in shape, and design to the open holes in the mesh. |
| Air Brush : |
Uses a low viscosity version of the paint and blows the paint onto the support in the form of a spray, with on/off triggered by application of finger tip to an outlet valve. Requires appreciable skill to produce acceptable results but in the correct hands the results are quite outstanding. |
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